Anne, Princess Royal

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Anne
Princess Royal (more)

The Princess Royal in 2021
BornPrincess Anne of Edinburgh
(1950-08-15) 15 August 1950 (age 72)
Clarence House, London, United Kingdom
Spouses
Issue
Detail
Names
Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise[a]
HouseWindsor
FatherPrince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh
MotherElizabeth II
SignatureAnne's signature
EducationBenenden School

Anne, Princess Royal (Anne Elizabeth Alice Louise; born 15 August 1950), is a member of the British royal family. She is the second child and only daughter of Queen Elizabeth II and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, and the only sister of King Charles III. Anne is 16th in the line of succession to the British throne[2][b] and has been Princess Royal since 1987.[3][4]

Born at Clarence House, Anne was educated at Benenden School and began undertaking royal duties upon adulthood. She became a respected equestrian, winning one gold medal in 1971 and two silver medals in 1975 at the European Eventing Championships.[5] In 1976, she became the first member of the British royal family to compete in the Olympic Games.[6]

The Princess Royal performs official duties and engagements on behalf of her older brother, Charles.[7] She holds patronage in over 300 organisations, including WISE, Riders for Health, and Carers Trust.[7] Her charity work revolves around sport, sciences, people with disabilities, and health in developing countries. She has been associated with Save the Children for over fifty years and has visited a number of their projects; her work resulted in her nomination for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990.

Anne married Captain Mark Phillips in 1973; they separated in 1989 and divorced in 1992. They have two children, Zara and Peter Phillips, and five grandchildren. Within months of her divorce, Anne married Commander (later Vice Admiral) Sir Timothy Laurence, whom she had met while he served as her mother's equerry between 1986 and 1989.

In 1988, Princess Anne became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC).[8]

Early life and education[edit source]

Princess Anne with her parents and elder brother, Charles, in October 1957

Anne was born during the reign of her maternal grandfather, King George VI, at Clarence House on 15 August 1950 at 11:50 am,[9] the second child and only daughter of Princess Elizabeth, Duchess of Edinburgh, and Philip, Duke of Edinburgh. A 21-gun salute in Hyde Park signalled the birth.[10] Anne was christened in the Music Room of Buckingham Palace on 21 October 1950, by the Archbishop of York, Cyril Garbett.[c] At the time of her birth, she was third in the line of succession to the British throne, behind her mother – at that time Princess Elizabeth – and older brother, Charles. She rose to second after her mother's accession; she is currently 16th in line.[2][b]

A governess, Catherine Peebles, was appointed to look after Anne and her other siblings, Charles, Andrew, and Edward, and was responsible for her early education at Buckingham Palace.[12] After the death of George VI in February 1952, Anne's mother ascended the throne as Queen Elizabeth II. Given her young age at the time, Anne did not attend the coronation in June 1953.

A Girl Guides company, the 1st Buckingham Palace Company to include the Holy Trinity Brompton Brownie pack, was re-formed in May 1959, specifically so that, as her mother and aunt had done as children, Anne could socialise with girls her own age. The company was active until 1963, when Anne went to boarding school.[13] Anne enrolled at Benenden School in 1963. In 1968, she left school with six GCE O-Levels and two A-Levels.[12] She began to undertake royal engagements in 1969, at the age of 18.[14]

In 1970, she briefly had a relationship with Andrew Parker Bowles, who later married Camilla Shand. Shand much later married Anne's brother Charles as his second wife.[15] Anne was also briefly linked to Olympic equestrian Richard Meade.[16]

Equestrianism[edit source]

Medal record
Representing  United Kingdom
Equestrian
European Championships
Gold medal – first place 1971 Burghley Individual eventing
Silver medal – second place 1975 Luhmühlen Team eventing
Silver medal – second place 1975 Luhmühlen Individual eventing
Anne riding at an event in the Netherlands (1980)

In spring 1971, Princess Anne finished fourth at the Rushall Horse Trials.[17] At the age of 21, Anne won the individual title at the European Eventing Championship[18] and was voted the BBC Sports Personality of the Year in 1971.[19] She also rode winners in horse racing, competing in the Grand Military Steeplechase in Sandown Park Racecourse and Diamond Stakes at Royal Ascot.[20]

For more than five years, she also competed with the British eventing team, with her home-bred horse, Doublet suffering an injury during the 1972 Badminton Horse Trials,[17] and winning a silver medal in both individual and team disciplines in the 1975 European Eventing Championship.[21] The following year, Anne participated in the 1976 Olympic Games in Montreal as a member of the British team, riding the Queen's horse, Goodwill, in Eventing.[6] Anne suffered a concussion halfway through the course but remounted and finished the event; she has stated she cannot remember making the rest of the jumps.[20] The British team had to pull out of the competition after two horses were injured.[22][23] She finished sixth at the Badminton Horse Trials in 1979.[17] In 1985, she rode in a charity horse race at the Epsom Derby, finishing fourth.[20]

Anne assumed the Presidency of the Fédération Équestre Internationale from 1986 until 1994.[24] On 5 February 1987, she became the first member of the royal family to appear as a contestant on a television quiz-show when she competed on the BBC panel game A Question of Sport.[21] The princess has been a patron of the Riding for the Disabled Association since 1971 and became its president in 1985, a position she still holds.[25]

Marriages and children[edit source]

Marriage to Mark Phillips[edit source]

Further information: Wedding of Princess Anne and Mark Phillips and Wedding dresses of Princess Anne

Anne met Mark Phillips, a lieutenant in the 1st Queen's Dragoon Guards, in 1968 at a party for horse lovers.[26] Their engagement was announced on 29 May 1973.[27][28] On 14 November 1973, the couple married at Westminster Abbey in a televised ceremony, with an estimated audience of 100 million.[29] They subsequently took up residence at Gatcombe Park. As was customary for untitled men marrying into the royal family, Phillips was offered an earldom, which he declined; consequently their children were born without titles.[30] Anne and her husband had two children: Peter (born 1977) and Zara Phillips (born 1981).[31] Anne and Phillips have five grandchildren. On 31 August 1989, Anne and Phillips announced their intention to separate; the couple had been rarely seen in public together and both were romantically linked with other people.[26][32][33] They shared custody of their children, and initially announced that "there were no plans for divorce."[34][35] However, on 13 April 1992 the Palace announced that Anne had filed for divorce, which was finalised ten days later.[36][37]

Marriage to Sir Timothy Laurence[edit source]

The Princess Royal with her second husband, Vice Admiral Sir Timothy Laurence (2014)

Anne met Timothy Laurence, a commander in the Royal Navy, while he was serving on the Royal Yacht Britannia. Their relationship developed in early 1989, three years after he was appointed as an equerry to the Queen.[38] In 1989, the existence of private letters from Laurence to the Princess was revealed by The Sun newspaper.[33] The couple married at Crathie Kirk near Balmoral Castle in Scotland, on 12 December 1992.[39] Approximately 30 guests were invited for the private marriage service.[40] Unlike the Church of England at the time, the Church of Scotland considered marriage to be an ordinance of religion rather than a sacrament and permitted the remarriage of divorced persons under certain circumstances.[41][42][43] Anne became the first royal divorcée to remarry since Princess Victoria Melita of Saxe-Coburg and Gotha, granddaughter of Queen Victoria.

For the wedding ceremony, Anne wore a white jacket over a "demure, cropped-to-the-knee dress" and a spray of white flowers in her hair.[44] Her engagement ring was made of "a cabochon sapphire flanked by three small diamonds on each side".[45] Following the marriage service, the couple and guests headed to Craigowan Lodge for a private reception.[39] Laurence received no peerage.

Kidnapping attempt[edit source]

On 20 March 1974, Princess Anne and Mark Phillips were returning to Buckingham Palace from a charity event when a Ford Escort forced their Princess IV car to stop on the Mall.[46] The driver of the Escort, Ian Ball, jumped out and began firing a pistol. Inspector James Beaton, Anne's personal police officer, exited the car to shield her and to try to disarm Ball. Beaton's firearm, a Walther PPK, jammed, and he was shot by Ball, as was Anne's chauffeur, Alex Callender, when he tried to disarm Ball.[47] Brian McConnell, a nearby tabloid journalist, also intervened, and was shot in the chest.[48] Ball approached Anne's car and told her that he intended to kidnap her and hold her for ransom, the sum given by varying sources as £2 million[49] or £3 million, which he claimed he intended to give to the National Health Service.[46] Ball told Anne to get out of the car, to which she replied, "Not bloody likely!" She reportedly briefly considered hitting Ball.[50]

Eventually, she exited the other side of the limousine, as had her lady-in-waiting, Rowena Brassey. A passing pedestrian, a former boxer named Ron Russell, punched Ball and led Anne away from the scene. At that point, Police Constable Michael Hills happened upon the scene; he too was shot by Ball, but he had already called for police backup. Detective Constable Peter Edmonds answered, gave chase, and finally arrested Ball.[47]

Beaton, Hills, Callender, and McConnell were hospitalised, and recovered from their wounds. For his defence of Princess Anne, Beaton was awarded the George Cross by the Queen, who was visiting Indonesia when the incident occurred;[51] Hills and Russell were awarded the George Medal, and Callender, McConnell, and Edmonds were awarded the Queen's Gallantry Medal.[46][52] It was widely reported that the Queen paid off Russell's mortgage, but this is not true: Russell said in 2020 that a police officer suggested it might happen, so he stopped paying his mortgage in anticipation and nearly had his house repossessed after four months.[53] Anne visited Beaton in hospital and thanked him for his assistance. In 1983, she spoke about the event on Parkinson, saying she was 'scrupulously polite' to Ball as she thought it would be 'silly to be too rude at that stage'.[51]

Beaton, who had been Anne's sole bodyguard, later said about royal security "I had nothing… There was no back-up vehicle. The training was non-existent; but then again, [we thought] nothing was going to happen. They are highly specialised now, highly trained." Immediately after the attack the use of only a single protection officer was stopped, and the Walther PPK pistol was replaced.[54]

Ball pleaded guilty to attempted murder and kidnapping. As of September 2022 he was still detained under the Mental Health Act at Broadmoor Hospital, having been diagnosed with schizophrenia.[55]

The attempted kidnapping of Princess Anne is the focus of the Granada Television-produced docudrama To Kidnap a Princess (2006) and inspired story lines in Tom Clancy's novel Patriot Games.[56]

Activities[edit source]

Anne visiting the British School in the Netherlands in 1984

Anne undertakes a number of duties and engagements on behalf of the sovereign. Kevin S. MacLeod, the then Canadian Secretary to the Queen, said of Anne in 2014: "Her credo is, 'Keep me busy. I'm here to work. I'm here to do good things. I'm here to meet as many people as possible'."[57] It was reported in December 2017 that the Princess Royal had undertaken the most official engagements that year out of all the royal family, her mother the Queen included.[58][59] Among her royal visits, the Princess has toured Norway,[60] Jamaica,[61] Germany,[62] Austria,[63] New Zealand, and Australia.[64]

Her first public engagement was at the opening of an educational and training centre in Shropshire in 1969. Anne travels abroad on behalf of the United Kingdom up to three times a year. She began to undertake overseas visits upon leaving secondary school,[12] and accompanied her parents on a state visit to Austria in the same year.[65] Her first tour of Australia was with her parents in 1970, since which she returned many times to undertake official engagements as a colonel-in-chief of an Australian regiment, or to attend memorials and services such as the National Memorial Service for victims of the Black Saturday bushfires in Melbourne on 22 February 2009.[66] In 1990 she was the first member of the royal family to make an official visit to the Soviet Union when she went there as a guest of President Mikhail Gorbachev and his government.[65][67]

The Princess Royal visits USNS Comfort on 11 July 2002, while the vessel docked at Southampton.

Anne is involved with over 200 charities and organisations in an official capacity. She works extensively for Save the Children, serving as president from 1970 to 2017, and has been patron for over 50 years.[68] Anne has visited the organisation's projects in Bangladesh, Sierra Leone, South Africa, Mozambique, Ethiopia, and Bosnia and Herzegovina.[68] As a result of her work, she was nominated for the Nobel Peace Prize in 1990 by Kenneth Kaunda, President of Zambia.[68] She initiated The Princess Royal Trust for Carers in 1991.[69] Anne is the patron of Transaid, a charity founded by Save the Children and the Chartered Institute of Logistics and Transport which aims to provide safe and sustainable transport in developing countries.[70] She is also the royal patron of WISE, an organisation that encourages young women to pursue careers in science, engineering and construction.[71] Her extensive work for St. John Ambulance as Commandant-in-Chief of St. John Ambulance Cadets has helped to develop many young people, as she annually attends the Grand Prior Award Reception.[72][73] She is patron of St. Andrew's First Aid.[74][75] She is a British representative in the International Olympic Committee as an administrator,[76] and was a member of the London Organising Committee for the Olympic Games.[77] She also serves as president of the British Olympic Association. She was president of BAFTA from 1973 to 2001.[78] In 1985 she became president of the Riding for the Disabled Association after serving as their patron for fourteen years.[79] In 1986 she was appointed Master of the Worshipful Company of Carmen.[80] She maintains a relationship with student sport and is the patron of British Universities and Colleges Sport.[81] She has been patron of the Royal National Children's Foundation since 2002[82][83] and the industrial heritage museum, Aerospace Bristol, since 2016.[84]

Following the retirement of the Queen Mother in 1981, Anne was elected by graduates of the University of London as the Chancellor, and has been in the position since that year.[85] Throughout May 1996, Anne served as Her Majesty's High Commissioner to the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland, and held the post again in 2017.[86] In 2007, she was appointed by the Queen as Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order, a position her grandmother had also held.[87] She is a Royal Fellow of the Royal Society[88] and the Academy of Medical Sciences.[89] Royal Fellows are members of the royal family who are recommended and elected by the Society's Council. The Royal Society as of 2022 has four Royal Fellows: Anne; William, Prince of Wales; Edward, Duke of Kent; and King Charles.[90] She is the Academy of Medical Sciences' first Royal Fellow.[89]

The Princess Royal speaking at the 100th Maritime Safety Committee session in 2018

She was elected Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh effective 31 March 2011, succeeding her father, who stepped down from the role in 2010.[91] Likewise, she accepted in 2011 the roles of president of City and Guilds of London Institute,[92] Master of the Corporation of Trinity House[93][94] and president of the Royal Society of Arts, also in succession to her father. Anne has been the president of the Commonwealth Study Conference, an initiative founded by her father.[95][96] She is also patron of the Royal College of Occupational Therapists,[97] Royal College of Midwives,[98] Magpas Air Ambulance,[99] Edinburgh University's Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies,[100] Royal Holloway, University of London,[101][102] International Students House, London,[103][104] Acid Survivors Trust International,[105] Townswomen's Guilds,[106] Citizens Advice,[107] and the Royal Edinburgh Military Tattoo.[108]

She represented Great Britain in the International Olympic Committee at the 2014 Sochi Winter Olympics in Russia.[109] In August 2016, she returned to the country to visit the Russian city of Arkhangelsk for the 75th anniversary of Operation Dervish, which was one of the first Arctic convoys of World War II.[110] In September 2016, the Princess had a chest infection and was required to cancel official engagements.[111] In late October 2016, she visited the Malaysian state of Sarawak for a two-day study tour.[112] In 2017, she became Prime Warden of the Worshipful Company of Fishmongers and a Governor of Gresham's School.[113] In 2021, she became patron of Mercy Ships, an international charity that operates the largest non-governmental hospital ships in the world.[114]

In April 2022, Anne and her husband toured Australia and Papua New Guinea to mark the Queen's Platinum Jubilee.[115][116]

In September 2022, at a vigil for her mother, Anne became the first woman ever to stand guard at any Vigil of the Princes.[117]

Public image and style[edit source]

The Princess Royal is one of the few women in the royal family to regularly wear a military uniform.

Anne has been called the royal family's "trustiest anchor" and a "beacon of good, old-fashioned public service", having carried out over 20,000 engagements since her 18th birthday.[118] In her early adulthood, she was cited as a "royal renegade" for choosing to forgo titles for her children despite being the "spare to the heir".[119] The media often called the young Anne "aloof" and "haughty", giving her the nickname "her royal rudeness".[118] She spurred controversy for telling photographers to "naff off" at the Badminton Horse Trials in 1982.[120] Vanity Fair wrote that Anne "has a reputation for having inherited her father's famously sharp tongue and waspish wit".[120] Of her early public role, she has said: "It's not just about 'can I get a tick in the box for doing this?' No, it's about serving…It took me probably 10 years before I really felt confident enough to contribute to Save the Children's public debates because you needed to understand how it works on the ground and that needed a very wide coverage. So my early trips were really important."[120]

Anne remains one of Britain's most popular royals.[121][122][123] Telegraph Editor Camilla Tominey called her a "national treasure", writing that she is "hailed as one of the great English eccentrics", whose work ethic contributes to her regard.[119] Tominey wrote that Anne's public role is a "contradiction of both protocol taskmaster and occasional rule-breaker".[118] Reportedly, Anne "insists on doing her own make-up and hair" and drives herself to engagements, having pleaded guilty to two separate speeding fines on account of being late.[118][124] She does not shake hands with the public during walkabouts, saying, "the theory was that you couldn't shake hands with everybody, so don't start."[118] Members of the public have seen her "mending fences at Gatcombe" and "queuing up for the Portaloos" at her daughter's horse competitions.[118] Her reputation is also coupled with her advocacy for causes out of the mainstream, such as Wetwheels Foundation's commitment to accessible sailing and the National Lighthouse Museum.[118] On her 60th and 70th birthdays, the BBC and Vanity Fair both asked whether she would retire, and she denied it both times, citing her parents' example as well as her commitment to her royal duties.[120] Anne's public personality has been described as "not suffering fools lightly" while maintaining a "still-impressive level of grace and courtesy".[125][126]

British Vogue editor Edward Enninful has said that "Princess Anne is a true style icon and was all about sustainable fashion before the rest of us really knew what that meant".[120] Her style has been noted for its timelessness; she relies almost solely on British fashion brands, with tweed and tailored suits as her hallmarks.[120] She is known for recycling outfits, such as her floral-print dress worn both to the wedding of the Prince of Wales in 1981 and the wedding of Lady Rose Windsor in 2008.[127] Anne is the patron of U.K. Fashion and Textile Association.[128] She has been noted for wearing "bold patterns and vibrant pops of colour".[129] Her style choices often reflect her equestrian interests as well as the practicality of her fast-paced schedule.[130][120] In the 1970s and 1980s, she was often photographed wearing trends such as puff sleeves, cardigans, bright floral patterns, and multicoloured stripes.[129][131] Anne is also one of the few women in the royal family to wear a military uniform.[129] According to The Guardian, she is "rarely seen without a brooch" during royal events.[131] Her millinery styles have included jockey caps and hats of multiple colours and bold patterns.[131] She presented the Queen Elizabeth II award for British design at London Fashion Week in 2020.[131] Anne has appeared on three British Vogue covers; after first appearing on the 1971 September issue at age 21, she also featured in the May and November 1973 issues, commemorating her engagement to Mark Phillips.[132][133][134] She was featured in the cover story for the May 2020 issue of Vanity Fair.[135]

Anne is the first member of the royal family to have been convicted of a criminal offence.[136] In November 2002, she pleaded guilty to one charge of having a dog dangerously out of control, an offence under the Dangerous Dogs Act 1991, and was fined £500.[137][138]

Titles, styles, honours and arms[edit source]

Monogram of Princess Anne

Titles and styles[edit source]

  • 15 August 1950 – 6 February 1952: Her Royal Highness Princess Anne of Edinburgh[139]
  • 6 February 1952 – 14 November 1973: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne
  • 14 November 1973 – 13 June 1987: Her Royal Highness The Princess Anne, Mrs Mark Phillips[140]
  • 13 June 1987 – present: Her Royal Highness The Princess Royal

Anne is the seventh Princess Royal,[4] an appellation given only to the eldest daughter of the sovereign. The previous holder was King George V's daughter, Mary, Countess of Harewood.

Honours[edit source]

See also: List of honours of the British royal family by country
The Princess Royal processing at the Garter Service, Windsor, with her brothers, Charles, Andrew and Edward on 19 June 2006

Foreign[edit source]

Appointments[edit source]

Fellowships
Civic
Academic
Honorary academic degrees
Other appointments

Military appointments[edit source]

As with other senior royals, Princess Anne holds a number of appointments in the armed forces of Commonwealth realms:

Australia Australia
The Princess Royal at a parade on the 75th anniversary of the Royal Australian Corps of Signals, 5 July 2000
Canada Canada
New Zealand New Zealand
United Kingdom United Kingdom
Other appointments

Military ranks[edit source]

Arms[edit source]

Coat of arms of the Princess Royal hide
Coat of Arms of Anne, the Princess Royal.svg
Notes
The Princess Royal's personal arms are those of the Sovereign in right of the United Kingdom with a label for difference.
Adopted
1962
Coronet
The coronet of a daughter of the Sovereign Proper.
Escutcheon
Quarterly 1st and 4th, Gules three lions passant guardant Or; 2nd, Or a lion rampant Gules within a double tressure flory counterflory Gules; 3rd, Azure a harp Or stringed Argent.
Supporters
Dexter a lion rampant guardant Or imperially crowned proper, sinister a unicorn Argent, armed, crined and unguled Or, gorged with a coronet Or composed of crosses patée and fleurs de lis a chain affixed thereto passing between the forelegs and reflexed over the back also Or.
Orders
The Order of the Garter circlet:
HONI SOIT QUI MAL Y PENSE
(Shame be to him who thinks evil of it)
Other elements
The whole differenced by a label of three points Argent, first and third charged with a St George's cross the second with a heart Gules.
Banner
Royal Standard of Princess Anne, Princess Royal.svg The Royal Standard of the United Kingdom labelled for difference as in her arms.
Royal Standard of Princess Anne, Princess Royal (in Scotland).svg (in Scotland)
Personal Flag of the Princess Royal for use in Canada.svg (in Canada: Since 2013, the Princess Royal has a personal heraldic flag for use in Canada. It is the Royal Arms of Canada in banner form defaced with a blue roundel surrounded by a wreath of gold maple leaves, within which is a depiction of an "A" surmounted by a coronet. Above the roundel is a white label of three points, the centre one charged with a red heart and the other two with red crosses.[209][210])
Symbolism
As with the Royal Arms of the United Kingdom. The first and fourth quarters are the arms of England, the second of Scotland, the third of Ireland.

Issue[edit source]

Name Birth Marriage Issue
Peter Phillips 15 November 1977 17 May 2008

Divorced 14 June 2021

Autumn Kelly

Savannah Phillips
Isla Phillips

Zara Phillips 15 May 1981 30 July 2011 Mike Tindall

Mia Tindall
Lena Tindall
Lucas Tindall

Ancestry[edit source]

The Princess Royal's ancestry can be traced as far back as Cerdic, King of Wessex (519–534).[211]

Bibliography[edit source]

Guest-editor[edit source]

  • "HRH The Princess Royal: Guest Editor". Country Life. 29 July 2020.

Notes[edit source]

  1. ^ Anne does not usually use a family name but when one is needed, it is Mountbatten-Windsor.[1]
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b The Perth Agreement and the Succession to the Crown Act 2013 reformed the line of succession to the British throne to absolute primogeniture. However, this was applied only to those born after the Agreement, so neither the Princess Royal nor her descendants at the time were moved ahead in the line.
  3. ^ Her godparents were the Queen (later Queen Elizabeth The Queen Mother; her maternal grandmother); the Princess Margarita, Hereditary Princess of Hohenlohe-Langenburg (her paternal aunt); Princess Andrew of Greece and Denmark (her paternal grandmother); Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma (her paternal great-uncle); and Andrew Elphinstone (her first cousin once removed).[11]

References[edit source]

  1. ^ "The Royal Family name". Official website of the British monarchy. Archived from the original on 15 February 2009. Retrieved 3 February 2009.
  2. ^ Jump up to: a b Winsor, Morgan (8 September 2022). "Queen Elizabeth dies at 96: How the British royal line of succession changes". abcnews.go.com. ABC. Retrieved 8 September 2022.
  3. ^ "Supplement to the London Gazette of Friday, 12th June 1987". London Gazette (50947). 13 June 1987.
  4. ^ Jump up to: a b "Princess Anne's colourful royal career". BBC. 21 November 2002. Archived from the original on 13 February 2008. Retrieved 11 November 2017.
  5. ^ "Senior European Championship Results". British Eventing Governing Body. Archived from the original on 11 December 2012. Retrieved 15 September 2012.
  6. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Princess Royal and the Olympics". The Royal Family. 29 July 2016. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  7. ^ Jump up to: a b "The Princess Royal". The Royal Family. 17 September 2022.
  8. ^ Llewely, Abbie (29 September 2020). "Boris Johnson's frank assessment of Princess Anne exposed". Express. Retrieved 7 October 2021.
  9. ^ "No. 38995". The London Gazette. 16 August 1950. p. 4197.
  10. ^ "1950: Princess gives birth to second child". BBC. 15 August 1950. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 29 May 2018.
  11. ^ "The Christening of Princess Anne". Royal Collection Trust. Retrieved 17 December 2021.
  12. ^ Jump up to: a b c "HRH The Princess Royal> Early Life and Education". Buckingham Palace. Archived from the original on 22 October 2008. Retrieved 20 October 2008.
  13. ^ "Royal Support for the Scouting and Guiding Movements". Official Website of the British Monarchy. Archived from the original on 24 January 2009. Retrieved 25 July 2008.
  14. ^ "The Princess Royal". The Royal Family. 2 October 2015. Retrieved 24 November 2020.
  15. ^ "Princess Anne comforts Andrew Parker Bowles at funeral of his wife Rosemary". Hello!. 19 January 2010. Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. Retrieved 23 May 2010. Andrew is also a close friend of the Princess Anne, and dated her in 1970.
  16. ^ MacKelden, Amy (15 November 2020). "The Crown Doesn't Do Justice to Princess Anne's Real-Life Relationships". Harper's Bazaar. Retrieved 21 September 2021.
  17. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Princess Anne's Groundbreaking Equestrian Career". Biography. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  18. ^ Searcey, Ian (22 July 2012). "Olympic archive: equestrian Princess Anne (1972)". Channel 4. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  19. ^ Corrigan, Peter (14 December 2003). "Bravo for Jonny but Beeb need new act". The Independent. Archived from the original on 7 May 2022. Retrieved 24 February 2009.
  20. ^ Jump up to: a b c "Inside Princess Anne's Lifelong Love Affair with Horses". The Telegraph. Archived from the original on 10 January 2022. Retrieved 9 January 2021.
  21. ^ Jump up to: a b "This day in sport: Princess Anne". The Times. 5 November 2006. Archived from the original on 15 March 2018. Retrieved 14 March 2018.
  22. ^ "A family affair: The royal visit that wound up at the 1976 Olympics". CBC Radio Canada. 12 July 2019. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  23. ^ "Did Princess Anne Really Compete In The Olympics?". Grazia Daily. 16 November 2020. Retrieved 5 October 2021.
  24. ^ About FEI – History Archived 16 February 2010 at the Wayback Machine, FEI official site; retrieved 21 February 2010.
  25. ^ Ciara.Berry (1 April 2016). "The Princess Royal and Riding for the Disabled". The Royal Family. Retrieved 27 March 2022.
  26. ^ Jump up to: a b Longworth, R. C. (1 September 1989). "Princess Anne To Separate From Husband". Chicago Tribune. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  27. ^ "Princess Anne's wedding". BBC News. Archived from the original on 5 June 2017. Retrieved 13 May 2017.
  28. ^ "Iconic weddings: Princess Anne and Mark Phillips". Hello!. 27 July 2011. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  29. ^ "Princess Anne's Marriage – Events of 1973". UPI.com. 1973. Archived from the original on 12 February 2009. Retrieved 31 March 2016.
  30. ^ As female-line descendants of royalty, the children have no title despite being the grandchildren of a monarch. (They are not the only children of a British princess without titles; the children of Princess Alexandra, the Queen's cousin, are also untitled.)
  31. ^ "The Princess Royal". royal.uk. 2 October 2015. Archived from the original on 14 July 2017.
  32. ^ "But No Divorce Is Planned : Princess Anne, Husband Split". Los Angeles Times. 31 August 1989. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  33. ^ Jump up to: a b Kaufman, Joanne; Cooper, Jonathan (24 April 1989). "A Crisis Rocks a Royal Marriage". People. Archived from the original on 7 March 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  34. ^ "1989: Royal couple to separate". BBC. 31 August 1989. Archived from the original on 20 August 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  35. ^ Rule, Sheila (1 September 1989). "Princess Anne and Husband Agree to Separate". The New York Times. Archived from the original on 15 May 2018. Retrieved 14 May 2018.
  36. ^ "Princess Anne's Divorce Final". Deseret News. 23 April 1992. Retrieved 12 December 2020.
  37. ^ Brozan, Nadine (24 April 1992). "Chronicle". The New York Times.
  38. ^ "In Quiet Scottish Ceremony, Anne Marries Naval Officer". The New York Times. 13 December 1992. Archived from the original on 14 May 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  39. ^ Jump up to: a b "1992: Princess Royal remarries". BBC. Archived from the original on 16 May 2018. Retrieved 17 May 2018.
  40. ^ Tuohy, William (13 December 1992). "Britain's Princess Anne Remarries : Wedding: Scottish ceremony brings a tiny bit of joy to a year that saw more than one royal marriage fail". Los Angeles Times. Archived from the original on 19 August 2018. Retrieved 13 May 2018.
  41. ^ "Worship on the Web" (PDF). Church of Scotland. Archived (PDF) from the original on 4 April 2016. Retrieved 1 April 2013.
  42. ^ In 2002, the Church of England agreed that divorced persons could remarry in church under certain circumstances, but the matter is left to the discretion of the parish priest.
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Anne, Princess Royal
Born: 15 August 1950
Lines of succession
Preceded by Line of succession to the British throne
16th in line 		Followed by
Peter Phillips
British royalty
Vacant
Title last held by
Princess Mary, Countess of Harewood 		Princess Royal
1987–present 		Incumbent
Academic offices
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of London
1981–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by Chancellor of the University of Edinburgh
2011–present
New creation Chancellor of the University of the Highlands and Islands
2012–present
Chancellor of Harper Adams University
2013–present
Honorary titles
Preceded by Grand Master of the Royal Victorian Order
2007–present 		Incumbent
Preceded by BBC Sports Personality of the Year
1971 		Succeeded by
Orders of precedence in the United Kingdom
Preceded by Ladies
HRH The Princess Royal 		Followed by
Princess Beatrice, Mrs Edoardo Mapelli Mozzi
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